Introduction
Thoth is the ibis-headed god of wisdom, writing, magic, and the moon, serving as scribe and record-keeper of the gods across Egyptian religious tradition.
Family
- Spouse: Ma'at (married)
- Spouse: Seshat (married)
Scribe of Judgment
Thoth is credited in various traditions with inventing writing itself and with recording the verdict when the deceased's heart is weighed against the feather of Ma'at in the underworld judgment — a role placing him at the center of Egyptian funerary belief about the afterlife's moral reckoning. Sources vary on his origin, with some describing him as self-created and others as born of Ra; this tree records both without resolving them. Thoth is associated with two wives across different traditions, Ma'at (truth and cosmic order) and Seshat (writing and record-keeping), reflecting his own domains of wisdom and precise record.
Ancient Egyptian religion spanned three millennia and many regional cult centers, so parentage, roles and even gender pairings for a given deity often differ between the Heliopolitan, Hermopolitan, Memphite and Theban theological systems; the account above follows the most widely attested classical version.